As the jack girl, Patria mine
in metal floor, live daily
miracle, like the lottery.
Ramon Lopez Velarde (1888-1921)
- Gentlemen, the bets are closed!, Will throw the cards!
And all in suspense, with the seeds of beans in his hands. And on the sides of the fair, cockfights, fireworks, the cotton candy and water chia. The joy of the moles and Celaya cajetas scratch to the end and know of resin and children, as the poet said. Everywhere lit the fire of the lottery, but the haunt of the capital city of the nineteenth century was St. Augustine bet de las Cuevas (ie Tlalpan), where he frequently saw Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, big fan of cockfighting.
-Bello
body, pretty face, when you go to ... I do not understand the reasons ... the heart!
"Be good, cuatito, if you do not take the coloradito ... the devil!
-Cotorro, gives paw and empiézame here to discuss the work that you spent when you could not speak ... the parrot!
"The belly was that she had no qualms ... watermelon watermelon!
Harriet The boy was very fond of the cha ... microscope ... The boat!
drawings lottery letters from afar. What do these cards in the brushwood, that sort of arrow that formerly used the Arabs? Do not you feel something only the nineteenth-century dandy between the mermaid and the drunkard, between the cap and the moon? The scholar Guido Gómez de Silva assumed that this word comes from the habit that had the French seamstresses at age 25 were not married, to celebrate Catherine of Alexandria, 25 November. Sainte-Catherine is the patron saint of seamstresses and unmarried, and therefore the sewers were put a hit "to the Sainte-Catherine" (as "Catherine" is pronounced "dandy" and hence was used to designate both dealing with fashion and their arrangement). Of course there are more images nearby such as the nopal, the skull, the pot and the spider. But some like the mandolin, a kind of mandolin strings, 6 triples, they evoke the Porfiriato.
"Put your hat on the baby, we are not going to get sick ... the cap!
"You broke the presumed sock ... the dandy dandy!
"The moon is blind in one eye and sister of the two ... the moon!
-El negrito de La Habana, who took your sister ... the black!
-Upon seeing the green frog, which jumped hit your sister! ... Frog! Both baby
-mason, which was like the barrel ... the barrel!
-diver, sea when you go out, get me a mermaid with seaweed ... the mermaid!
generally around the place had more people playing it because it was fun to win than listening to the screaming. As the stakes increased, the owner of the lottery was saying the letters faster. But the most difficult moment was reached when he threw the cards without a word, but that only made allusions: "The one who sang at St. Peter!", "Aráñamelo if you can!", "The fight for women!"
In Pedro Páramo, Juan Rulfo said that the show was like a halo over the gray sky. And far away from people only hear the cries of drunkards and the lottery: "The lady, the flag!, Hand!" Until some lucky, that was not distracted and that was getting Quickly beans on the board, shouting excitedly
- Lottery!
said that the images of the lottery come from far away, dragging some of the tarot and the zodiac medieval and luck. Of Fortuna, standing on a wheel, in which the man sometimes goes up and sometimes down. Renaissance poets said that the only law of fortune was that he had no laws. It seems that the first to be delivered to the lottery game, putting coins illustrated on flat, were the Italians of the Renaissance (in which we also used the tarot, with signs that possibly inspired the lottery, death, devil, the star, moon, sun, the world). It was the Italians who made the lottery an institution run by the government to carry out "Waqf" (although, later, King Louis XIV was a draw lottery to pay for their wedding in 1665). It was an Italian philosopher Antonio Gramsci, who called the lottery, "the opium of misery." According to the English José María Valverde, to the Italians, choose the lottery numbers has always been an art, many receive revelations of the Dead, inspired by objects that are randomly on the street and, most importantly, dreams. In an Italian newspaper that the mare gave birth to a carriage suddenly because the driver had not noticed his state. The newspaper terminated the news saying: "The incident has caused large number of plays the lottery."
When Ramon López Velarde received from the Secretary of Public Education José Vasconcelos, the invitation to make a poem to celebrate the centenary of the Consummation of Independence (September 27, 1821), planned a great poem to talk about his close relationship with Mexico. The parrots flying over the sky like green lightning, large expanses of meadows where the tram is so small it looks like a toy gift, the landscape under the sun so lush it looks like the crown prince of France, the smell of bakery on the wet streets emptied. Each image of "soft country" explains the poet's love for his country staff. In his images it is possible to realize the dazzling by riches of the country, forests and timber, arable land on which it rains caudally. All the wealth of Mexico, the times of collection and extraction of silver (in two senses: it is extracted in Mexico and the English extracted here), large tracts of corn, the agricultural economy (the barn that we deeded the child God.) "La suave patria" is a paean to wealth, even the Devil has also put oil on our behalf (since the devil is opposed to expropriation and has continued to haunt the oil reform.)
Perhaps one of the aspects that most intrigued López Velarde was the flowering of poverty in the midst of wealth: poor Mexicans in the midst of oil, livestock, agriculture, crops and trade. In the midst of planning and work, it has seemed that the Mexican cult of the miracle and chance. The poet was no stranger to life uncertain, and therefore compared with thunder, falling on the ground as if playing at roulette, "and hear in the jump of your coming and going, / oh thunder Roulette my life. " With its metal floor under the floor because Mexico is mainly gold, silver, lead, zinc and copper, Mexico is experiencing a day, betting its heritage: "As the sota girl. " Juan Jose Arreola reports that the girl Jack is the letter that should come first, "if you bet on it, either of gold, cups, swords or wands ..." This fun game is to compromise the national heritage today several generations, is still playing with Mexican joy, and thanks to this custom continue to live by a miracle, like the lottery. About
miracle as a way of life, is worth reading a paragraph of the French writer Rémy de Gourmont:
"Nothing is more expected than unexpected that basically nothing will surprise us less. What strikes us above all is the logical development of the facts. Man is in perpetual expectation of a miracle, and even angry if this does not happen, which is discouraged. But the miracle happens often. The humble lives are nothing more than a series of miracles, or rather of chance. It will say that there is truly random and that this word not only confirms our ignorance of the chain of causes. But being indecipherable this chain for our spirit, we call random at all events, even giving our utmost attention, we could not discern their arrival. Form, occur, but we do not know or can know. And it's good that we can not. Action is irrelevant, because life is only an act of confidence in ourselves and in the benevolence of fate. "
In New Spain it was said that the lottery was" the most moderate of the games of chance "because it's a view of the authority. Francisco Xavier de Sarria, a English late eighteenth century, convinced King Carlos III to decree an institution to promote the Royal Lottery, which succeeded in 1769, becoming its first director. Shortly after the drawings were made with English orphans the College of San Ildefonso, who chanted the winning numbers to view. The first "loud" Diego López was called and was 5 when he worked in the first draw.
Since then, players have wondered how many chances are of winning the lottery. On this we have written books and books with extensive statistical theories give results with for years, as many authors believe that the lottery tends to "compensate" the numbers that come out less. But as they say those familiar with the statistic: "The lottery has no memory." The mathematician Émile Borel that he devoted himself to studying the games of chance, in his book and life chances, says many people refuse to buy a ticket with numbers arranged in a special way, such as 272727 and, a fortiori, the 222222 . Although the probability that this number is the same for all numbers, people will say: "It is completely impossible for someone to win a prize with the number 222222." Then that person searches for results, sees him out on 475632 or 235902 and think that common sense was not fooled and did well not to buy it the 222222 and 489542, which also came out the winner.
According to his calculations, Borel said that a series of one million tickets, there are 10 formed by equal numbers. If you organize 25 draws a year, the probability that one of them is once every 4000 years. That is, either a lottery ticket (if the lottery played a million notes) is likely to leave every 40 thousand years. However, so whoever does not believe in miracles believe in the lottery. Because something is miraculous not have to work. In the future, and many intimate live lottery hopes. In 1843, the Mexican writer José Gómez de la Cortina (1799-1860) described the thoughts that surround the word "lottery" in a text in which he argued that the government continue to promote the lottery, for because of the country's problems This institution had been neglected:
"Lottery! ... Oh! The magic word! Lovely word! ... The lottery! ... and who does not say anything! The fortunes of any son of Adam, bóbilis bóbilis acquired without plowing, or knitting, or tweak tape behind a counter, or go to China to sell opium, or doing anything else to buy, for the modest price of four dollars, twenty thousand a warrant, payable to bearer, and lie to the paunch, waiting for the day of the draw! ... Oh ... Now that's invention wise, useful and philanthropic ... And No one has happened to erect a statue or pedestrian or any kind to the inventor ... certainly deserved it more than other heroes, we see perched around on pedestals and horses, because he found the means, not only to provide the poor mortals the greatest illusions and hopes more promising than the human heart can conceive, but then keep them in ceaseless. "
Who would tell the Cortina count of all and the studies of Dr. Emile Borel against, a year later would win a lottery prize of 50 thousand pesos! Because in spite of statistical studies, the only certainty is that every week there is a winner who lie to their fate, the millions of chances against him. Guadalupe Loaeza
to us in this book a Mexican lottery; of Mexicans who favored luck, they decided his life as a game of chance, who secured their glory with a single book or a single song, to which we owe the colors and the music of Mexican art, to that became the iconic face of Mexican cinema, which have been heroes and villains who have been to those who have experienced a real miracle. All are exceptional characters whose lives undeniably lucky presented with thousands of faces. With poets, politicians, composers, actresses, gallants, journalists and singers who parade through these pages, you could do a lottery game that would symbolize the wealth and the miracle it means to live in Mexico.
September 14, 2009
(Foreword to the book of Mexican and lottery of Guadalupe Loaeza, Ediciones B, 2009)
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